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Player Efficiency Rating (PER) estimates per-minute production across all box-score categories. Weighted scoring, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks minus turnovers, normalized by minutes played.
Player Efficiency Rating (PER) was developed by John Hollinger to distill all of a player's contributions into a single number. A league-average PER is 15.0. Our estimate uses a simplified formula based on available box-score statistics, weighting points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks while penalizing turnovers, then adjusting for minutes played and shooting efficiency.
Players like Nikola Jokic and Giannis Antetokounmpo consistently rank among the highest PER players because they contribute across every statistical category while maintaining elite efficiency. Their ability to score, rebound, pass, and defend creates an outsized per-minute impact.
PER has limitations: it favors high-usage offensive players and doesn't capture defensive positioning, gravity, or off-ball contributions. Still, it remains one of the most widely referenced advanced statistics in basketball analytics.
PER (Player Efficiency Rating) is an all-in-one metric that sums up a player's statistical contributions per minute. It accounts for positive stats (points, rebounds, assists, steals, blocks) and penalizes negative ones (turnovers, missed shots). League average is 15.0.
A PER above 20 is considered very good (starter quality). Above 25 is All-Star caliber. Above 30 is MVP-level production. The all-time single-season record is Wilt Chamberlain's 31.82 in 1962-63.
PER is biased toward high-usage players and doesn't fully capture defensive impact, off-ball movement, screen-setting, or team context. Players like Rudy Gobert or Draymond Green may rank lower despite enormous defensive value.
Michael Jordan holds the all-time career PER record at 27.91. Other all-time leaders include LeBron James, Anthony Davis, Shaquille O'Neal, and Nikola Jokic, all above 26.